EF-14
After chemoradiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma, does tumour-treating fields plus maintenance temozolomide improve survival?
Trial design and population
Key results
Median OS was 20.9 months with TTFields plus temozolomide vs 16.0 months with temozolomide alone (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.53–0.76; P<.001). Five-year OS was 13% vs 5%; median PFS 6.7 vs 4.0 months.
Source-reported outcome visualization
Median overall survival · Median
Bars are scaled to the larger reported group value; endpoint, unit and horizon are labelled. Values are source-reported, not estimated from medians.
Absolute Effect
Absolute 5-year OS gain 8 percentage points; NNT 13 based on 5-year OS.
NNT: 13 based on 5-year OS. Use only at the stated endpoint/time horizon; median survival differences are not converted into NNT.
NNH: Not quantifiable. Distinctive toxicity is scalp skin irritation; the device requires scalp shaving, array changes and sustained daily adherence. Systemic grade ≥3 toxicity was not substantially increased in the original analysis.
Time-to-event hazard ratios and median survival are not treated as absolute risk differences. Where no defensible fixed-time NNT/NNH is available, the source-reported endpoint is visualized instead.
Safety and treatment burden
Distinctive toxicity is scalp skin irritation; the device requires scalp shaving, array changes and sustained daily adherence. Systemic grade ≥3 toxicity was not substantially increased in the original analysis.
Follow-up, maturity and limitations
Follow-up: Final analysis with approximately 40 months median follow-up; 5-year OS reported.
Open-label, adherence-dependent intervention; patients had to reach maintenance phase without progression. Device burden and patient preference are central.
Clinical interpretation
Current-practice context · reviewed 20 October 2026
This page separates the original trial findings from contemporary treatment sequencing. Confirm current guidelines, local regulatory status, biomarker requirements, prior treatment exposure and patient-specific contraindications before applying the evidence. Historical comparators may no longer represent the current standard; subgroup findings and immature endpoints are labelled rather than generalized.